Kompresija JPEG i BPG bez gubitka vizuelnih informacija na primeru baze KonJND-1k

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg72-50300
Ključne reči: kompresija BPG, kompresija JPEG, jedva uočljive razlike (JND), vršni odnos signal/šum (PSNR), kompresija bez gubitka vizuelnih informacija

Sažetak


Uvod/cilj: U ovom radu predstavljeni su rezultati istraživanja kompresije bez gubitka vizuelnih informacija. Ona je od posebnog značaja jer se njome ostvaruje visok stepen kompresije, pri čemu vizuelni kvalitet slike nije narušen, pa su krajnji korisnici veoma zadovoljni. Analiza je sprovedena korišćenjem obimne, javno dostupne baze KonJND-1k, koja sadrži rezultate subjektivnih testova na komprimovanim slikama JPEG i BPG.

Metode: Zahvaljujući dostupnosti slika baze KonJND-1k analizirana je zavisnost objektivnih mera procene kvaliteta slike od parametara kojima se kontroliše stepen kompresije izvornih signala (faktor kvaliteta kod JPEG, odnosno parametar kvantizacije kod BPG). Rezultati subjektivnih testova iskorišćeni su za detaljniju analizu graničnih i tipičnih vrednosti parametara kojima se kontrolišu ova dva tipa kompresije, kao i za analizu odgovarajućih vrednosti objektivnih skorova kvaliteta. Takođe, izvršena je identifikacija pouzdanih obeležja za predikciju granice između kompresije bez i sa gubitkom vizuelnih informacija. U tu svrhu korišćen je stepen slaganja između predikcija i tačnih vrednosti vršnog odnosa signal/šum (PSNR) i reprezentacije slike u bitima po pikselu (bpp). Stepen kompresije ostvaren primenom kompresije bez gubitka vizuelnih informacija iskorišćen je za poređenje tehnika JPEG i BPG.

Rezultati: Pokazano je da se granica između kompresije bez i sa gubitkom vizuelnih informacija nalazi u širokom opsegu vrednosti PSNR (oko 20 dB kod JPEG i 15 dB kod BPG). Odgovarajuće vrednosti faktora kvaliteta slika JPEG na ovoj granici se, takođe, nalaze u širokom opsegu od 31 do 79, sa grupisanjem između 40 i 45. Vrednosti parametra kvantizacije grupišu se oko 30, a granične vrednosti su 25 i 34. Takođe, potvrđeno je da se ova granica može pouzdano odrediti na osnovu jednostavnih obeležja izvedenih iz originalne nekomprimovane slike. Pokazalo se da su najbolji prediktori gradijentna obeležja poznata kao prostorna frekvencija i prostorna informacija. Stepen slaganja predikcija dobijenih iz ovih obeležja sa tačnim vrednostima PSNR i bpp kod oba tipa kompresije veći je od 85%. Komparativnom analizom dokazano je da se primenom kompresije BPG, u proseku, može ostvariti duplo veći stepen kompresije bez gubitka vizuelnih informacija nego primenom kompresije JPEG (80 nasuprot 40).

Zaključak: Iako je ostvaren visok stepen slaganja između predikcija i tačnih vrednosti PSNR i bpp na granici između kompresije bez i sa gubitkom vizuelnih informacija, postoji potreba za razvojem novih pristupa predikcije, naročito kod tehnike BPG koja se kroz stepen kompresije pokazala superiornom u odnosu na tehniku JPEG. Postojeće baze koje se koriste za analizu kompresije bez gubitka vizuelnih informacija su sa slikama iz vidljivog dela elektromagnetnog spektra. Imajući u vidu sve veću upotrebu slika iz infracrvenog dela spektra, postoji potreba za sprovođenjem sličnih testova u ovom spektralnom opsegu.

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Objavljeno
2024/09/28
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Vol. 72 Br. 3 (2024): jul-septembar
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Sva prava zadržana (c) 2024 Boban P. Bondžulić, Nenad M. Stojanović, Vladimir V. Lukin, Sergii S. Kryvenko

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