Effect of some parameters on the separation process of a saboted bullet
Abstract
Introduction/purpose: In this paper, the influence of muzzle velocity and the initial friction between the sabot and the penetrator of a sub-caliber bullet on the separation process was investigated. A special armor-piercing bullet was chosen as a research object.
Methods: A hybrid approach was applied in the study to solve the set tasks. In the first place, the equation system describing the motion of the sabot and the penetrator was established analytically. The aerodynamic drags acting on the sabot and the penetrator were then obtained numerically using CFD methods. Eventually, the equations of motion of the sabot and the penetrator were solved using the Runge-Kutta method to analyze the effect of the bullet muzzle velocity and the initial friction of the sabot and the penetrator on the separation process.
Results: The research results have shown the significant influence of the bullet muzzle velocity and the initial friction on the parameters of the sabot and the penetrator at the very moment they completely separate from each other. Based on the obtained data, weapon designers can appropriately select the ballistic and structural parameters for the bullet.
Conclusion: The hybrid approach presented in this paper is effective in studying the separation process of armor-piercing saboted bullets. The research results are useful contributions to the field of sub-caliber ammunition. The presented method can be applied in the design process of armor-piercing saboted projectiles of different calibers.
References
Bui, X.S., Nguyen, Q.T., Nguyen, H.M. & Doan, V.D. 2024. Theoretical study on the sabot separation process of a sub-caliber projectile fired from rifled guns. Defense and Security Studies, 5, pp.29-45. Available at: https://doi.org/10.37868/dss.v5.id264.
-CBJ Tech. 2024. 6.5x25 CBJ APDS Tungsten core inside a discarding sabot. Cbjtech.com [online]. Available at: https://www.cbjtech.com/ammunition/6-5x25-cbj/6-5x25-cbj-apds/ [Accessed: 10 July 2024].
Dada, K.S., Akila, J., Suleiman, U.O. & Akinbinu, A. 2022. Adoption and deployment of 21st century technologies in armed forces operations. Journal of Advances in Military Studies, 5(1), pp.95-107. Available at: https://doi.org/10.37944/jams.v5i1.135.
Ferfouri, A., Allouche, T., Jerković, D.D., Hristov, N., Vučković, M. & Benmeddah, A. 2023. Prediction of drag aerodynamic coefficient of the 155 mm projectile under axisymmetric flow using different approaches. Journal of the Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics, 17(2), pp.69-86. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24874/jsscm.2023.17.02.06.
Huang, Z.-g., Wessam, M.E. & Chen, Z.-h. 2014. Numerical investigation of the three-dimensional dynamic process of sabot discard. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 28, pp.2637-2649. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-0620-6.
Jerković, D., Kari, A., Hristov, N., Ilić, S. & Savić, S. 2016. Numerical and experimental investigation of aerodynamic characteristics of spin stabilized projectile. In: 7th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies OTEH 2016, Belgrade, Serbia, October 06-07 [online]. Available at: http://www.vti.mod.gov.rs/oteh16/elementi/rad/065.html [Accessed: 12 July 2024].
Kang, H.R. 2006. Computational Color Technology. Society of Photo Optical. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1117/3.660835.
Lesage, F. & Girard, B. 1996. Wind tunnel and CFD investigation of aerodynamic interactions during sabot separation. In: 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, USA, January 15-18. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-193.
Lestari, A., Melati, L.T., Kasim, K., Jupriyanto, J. & Deksino, G.R. 2022. Ceramic Armor as Protective Material in Defense Industry Product: A Literature Review. Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Industrial Engineering, 5(1), pp.101-112. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46574/motivection.v5i1.175.
Lin, H. & Lai, C.-L. 1997. Systematic study and numerical simulation of sabot projectile aerodynamics. Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, 20(3), pp.275-284. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.1997.9741831.
Matsson, J.E. 2023. An Introduction to Ansys Fluent 2023. Mission, KS, USA: SDC Publications. ISBN: 978-1-63057-648-6.
Mohanan, S. & Rajesh, G. 2020. Trajectory predictions of new lift separation sabots. Defence Technology, 17(4), pp.1361-1373. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.07.005.
Nguyen, Q.T., Nguyen, H.M. & Son, B.X. 2024. Numerical investigation on the supersonic flow around a saboted bullet. Vojnotehnički glasnik/Military Technical Courier, 72(2), pp.676-694. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg72-48837.
Starek, W. & Stepniak, W. 2021. Analysis and evaluation of small arms and ammunition with the reference to known foreign developments. Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia/Issues of Armament Technology, R.35, z.99 pp.65-89 [online]. Available at: https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-PWAA-0025-0007 (in Polish) [Accessed: 10 July 2024].
Copyright (c) 2024 Xuan Son Bui, Quang Tuan Nguyen, Hai Minh Nguyen

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Proposed Creative Commons Copyright Notices
Proposed Policy for Military Technical Courier (Journals That Offer Open Access)
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).