FROM THE 1857 INTRODUCTION TO THE 1867 PREFACE: Reflections on Marx’s Method in the Critique of Political Economy

Bob Jessop

doi:10.5937/politeia0-20021

Bob Jessop Univerzitet u Banjoj Luci, Fakultet političkih nauka

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/politeia0-20021

Ključne reči: starting point||, ||polazna osnova, natural sciences||, ||prirodne nauke, money||, ||novac, method of research||, ||način istraživanja, method of presentation||, ||način predstavlјanja, commodity||, ||roba, cell theory||, ||teorija ćelije, cell form||, ||ćelijski oblik, Capital||, ||Kapital,

Sažetak

U predgovoru izdanju Kapitala iz 1867. godine, Marks je primijetio da je početak istraživanja težak u bilo kojoj nauci. Ovaj tekst otkrio je Marksov i Engelsov stav da postoji samo jedna nauka: istorija, koja obuhvata prirodu i društvo. Potpuno očekivano, prirodne nauke uticale su značajno na njihov rad. U ovom radu bilјeži se uticaj darvinizma, termodinamike i biologije ćelije na Marksove analize, a ovo poslјednje ispituje se detalјno. Kada se Marks odlučio za pojam oblika vrijednosti robe kao osnovu za pisanje Kapitala, on ga je opisao kao ekonomski oblik ćelije kapitalističkog načina proizvodnje, što je odražavalo novi korak u njegovoj kritici političke ekonomije. Razlog za takav stav leži u činjenici što je, za razliku od dva prethodna metoda opisana u Uvodu iz 1857. godine, njegovo naknadno zanimanje za biologiju ćelije nagovijestilo treći metod koji će ih zamijeniti. Roba mu je poslužila kao najjednostavnija, najočiglednija i najneposrednija osnovna jedinica odnosa u kapitalu, te kao presupozicija u analizi i njen mogući ishod kako su se otkrivale sve kontradiktorne i dinamičke implikacije za logiku kapitala. U ovome se odražava njegovo ponovno čitanje Hegelove Nauke logike, koja se takođe bavila pitanjem polazne osnove u istraživanju organskog totaliteta. U tom pogledu, analogija sa ćelijom pokazala se korisnom, pošto smo uočili šest veza između biologije ćelije i Marksove analize kapitalističkog načina proizvodnje. Ali one ostaju samo analogije, pošto nisu usmjeravale niti njegova klјučna istraživanja niti njihovo predstavlјanje, što odražava istorijske specifičnosti odnosa u kapitalu. Rad zaklјučujemo nekim opštim zaklјučcima o otkrićima, metodu i načinu predstavlјanja.

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OD UVODA IZ 1857 DO PREDGOVORA IZ 1867: Osvrt na Marksov metod u kritici političke ekonomije

Sažetak

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